Single port device with multi-lumen cap

ABSTRACT

A surgical access apparatus includes an access member defining a longitudinal axis and having a longitudinal passageway for reception and passage of a surgical object and an access housing mountable to the access member. The access housing includes a diaphragm mounted thereto. The diaphragm is adapted for rotational movement about the longitudinal axis relative to the access housing. The diaphragm defines at least one internal pocket and has a seal assembly disposed within the internal pocket. The seal assembly has an interface seal member adapted for establishing a fluid tight seal about the surgical object. The seal assembly is adapted for selective movement within the pocket about multiple axes in response to manipulation of the surgical object.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/033,083, filed on Mar. 3, 2008,title: SINGLE PORT DEVICE WITH MULTI-LUMEN CAP, the entire contents ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a seal system adapted to permit theintroduction of surgical instrumentation into a patient's body. Inparticular, the present disclosure relates to a seal system for use withan introducer or access device which is intended for insertion into apatient's body, and to receive one or more instruments in sealingengagement therewith.

2. Description of the Related Art

Minimally invasive and laparoscopic procedures generally require thatany instrumentation inserted into the body is sealed, i.e., provisionsmust be made to ensure that gases and/or fluids do not enter or exit thebody through an endoscopic incision, such as, for example in surgicalprocedures where the surgical region is insufflated. For suchprocedures, the introduction of a tube into anatomical cavities, such asthe peritoneal cavity, is usually accomplished by use of a systemincorporating a trocar and cannula assembly. Since the cannula is indirect communication with the interior of the peritoneal cavity,insertion of the cannula into an opening in the patient's body to reachthe inner abdominal cavity should be adapted to maintain a fluid tightinterface between the abdominal cavity and the outside atmosphere. Inview of the need to maintain the atmospheric integrity of the inner areaof the cavity, a seal assembly for a cannula, which permits introductionof a wide range of surgical instrumentation and maintains theatmospheric integrity of the inner area of the cavity, is desirable. Inthis regard, there have been a number of attempts in the prior art toachieve such sealing requirements. A difficulty encountered withconventional seal assemblies, however, is the inability of surgicalsystems to accommodate more than one instrument simultaneously into theoperating cavity or the ability to repeatedly interchange between two orthree instruments during a given surgical procedure without removing theinstrument from the seal housing. The overall manipulation ofinstrumentation into and out of the seal housing and cannula in theseinstances often present difficulties with respect to maintaining sealintegrity over repeated use and long surgical procedures.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to a surgical accessapparatus. The apparatus includes an access member defining alongitudinal axis and having a longitudinal passageway for reception andpassage of a surgical object and an access housing mountable to theaccess member. The access housing includes a diaphragm mounted thereto,and adapted for rotational movement about the longitudinal axis relativeto the access housing. The diaphragm defines at least one internalpocket and has a seal assembly disposed within the internal pocket. Theseal assembly has an interface seal member adapted for establishing afluid tight seal about the surgical object. The seal assembly is adaptedfor selective movement within the pocket about multiple axes in responseto manipulation of the surgical object. The diaphragm may include aplurality of pockets. Each pocket has a seal assembly and associatedinterface seal member disposed therein. Each seal assembly may include azero closure valve adapted to open to permit passage of the surgicalobject and close in the absence of the surgical object.

In one embodiment, each seal assembly includes a gimbal mount. Thegimbal mount is adapted to cooperate with internal surfaces defining arespective pocket to permit articulation of the seal assembly. A lowfriction material may be associated with each pocket to facilitaterotation of a respective seal assembly. Similarly, a low frictionmaterial may be associated with the access housing to facilitaterotation of the diaphragm.

The access housing may be adapted for releasable coupling to the accessmember. The access member includes a sleeve dimensioned for positioningwithin a tract defined within tissue. The sleeve may be substantiallyflexible. Proximal and distal rings may be associated with the sleevefor respectively engaging tissue on opposed sides of the tissue tract.At least the distal ring is deformable to permit passage through thetissue tract. The distal ring may be selectively inflatable to expandfrom a non-inflated configuration to facilitate insertion of the distalring into the operating cavity to an expanded configuration to securethe distal ring relative to the tissue. The proximal ring may beselectively inflatable to expand from a non-inflated configuration to anexpanded configuration to facilitate securement of the proximal ringrelative to the tissue. The flexible sleeve may be selectivelyinflatable and acts as a conduit for conveying expansion gases betweenthe proximal and distal rings. The proximal ring may include at leastone interface which is configured to mechanically engage and releasablysecure the access housing to the access member.

Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will becomeapparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, theprincipals of the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing features of the present disclosure will become morereadily apparent and will be better understood by referring to thefollowing detailed description of preferred embodiments, which aredescribed hereinbelow with reference to the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is an exploded, perspective view of a cannula and seal assemblyof a prior art surgical introducer system;

FIG. 2 is a top, perspective view of a seal assembly according to thepresent disclosure with multiple gimbal seals disposed therein;

FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the seal assembly of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a top perspective view of a cannula assembly according to thepresent disclosure for use with the seal assembly of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the cannula assembly of FIG. 4with the seal assembly mounted therein;

FIG. 6 is a top schematic view showing relative rotation of an innersupport diaphragm relative to the seal assembly;

FIG. 7 is a top schematic view showing rotation of the individual gimbalseals relative to the inner support diaphragm of the seal assembly;

FIG. 8 is a top schematic view showing both relative rotation of aninner support diaphragm relative to the seal assembly and rotation ofthe individual gimbal seals relative to the inner support diaphragm ofthe seal assembly; and

FIG. 9 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a cannulaassembly having a series of inflatable concentrically-disposed ringswhich cooperate to secure the cannula to the inner abdominal walls of anoperatively cavity.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The seal assembly of the present disclosure, either alone or incombination with a seal system internal to a cannula assembly, providesa substantial seal between a body cavity of a patient and the outsideatmosphere before, during and after insertion of an instrument throughthe cannula assembly. Moreover, the seal assembly of the presentdisclosure is capable of accommodating instruments of varying diametersby providing and maintaining a gas tight seal with each instrument wheninserted and manipulated. The flexibility of the present seal assemblygreatly facilitates endoscopic surgery where a variety of instrumentshaving differing uses are needed simultaneously or repeatedly during agiven surgical procedure and it is impracticable to repeatedly withdrawand insert multiple instruments into and out of the operating cavitythrough one or more cannula assemblies during a single surgicalprocedure.

The seal assembly contemplates the introduction and manipulation ofvarious types of instrumentation adapted for insertion through a trocarand/or cannula assembly while maintaining a fluid tight interface aboutthe instrumentation to preserve the atmospheric integrity of a surgicalprocedure from gas and/or fluid leakage. Specifically, the presentdisclosure contemplates allowing multiple instruments of varying use tobe inserted through a single cannula assembly and utilized eithersimultaneously or interchangeably (i.e., rotated in and out of use bythe surgeon) while maintaining seal integrity and minimizing the entryand exit of gases and/or fluids to/from the body cavity. Examples ofinstrumentation which may be utilized for this purpose include: clipappliers, graspers, dissectors, retractors, staplers, laser probes,photographic devices, endoscopes and laparoscopes, tubes, and the like.Such instruments will be collectively referred to herein as “instrumentsor instrumentation”.

In the following description, as is traditional the term “proximal”refers to the portion of the instrument or assembly closest to theoperator while the term “distal” refers to the portion of the instrumentor assembly remote from the operator.

Referring now to the drawings, in which like reference numerals identifyidentical or substantially similar parts throughout the several views,FIG. 1 illustrates a known prior art seal assembly 100 mounted to acommon type of cannula assembly 200. For the purposes herein, only thebasic operating features of these assemblies 100 and 200 are describedby way of example, and it is envisioned that any number of differenttypes of seal assemblies and cannula assemblies may be utilized with thepresent disclosure without defeating the novel aspects of the same.

Cannula assembly 200 may be any conventional cannula suitable for theintended purpose of accessing a body cavity and permit introduction ofinstruments therethrough. Cannula assembly 200 is particularly adaptedfor use in laparoscopic surgery where the peritoneal cavity isinsufflated with a suitable gas, e.g., CO₂, to raise the cavity wallfrom the internal organs therein. Cannula assembly 200 is typically usedwith an obturator or trocar assembly (not shown) which is a sharppointed instrument positionable within the passageway of the cannulaassembly 200. The obturator assembly is utilized to penetrate theabdominal wall and then subsequently removed from the cannula assembly200 to permit introduction of the surgical instrumentation utilized toperform the procedure.

With reference to FIG. 1, cannula assembly 200 includes cannula sleeve202 and cannula housing 204 mounted to an end of the sleeve 202. Thecannula sleeve 202 may be mounted to the cannula housing 204 in anyknown fashion including threaded arrangements, bayonet couplings,snap-fit arrangements, adhesives, etc. Cannula sleeve 202 and cannulahousing 204 may also be integrally formed depending upon a particularmanufacturing preference. Sleeve 202 further defines an internallongitudinal passage 206 dimensioned to permit passage of surgicalinstrumentation along a longitudinal axis “a” defined therethrough.Sleeve 202 defines collar 208 which is mounted to cannula housing 202having an inner tapered wall (not shown) adjacent the collar 208 whichassists in guiding the inserted instrumentation into longitudinalpassage 206.

Adjacent the distal end of cannula sleeve 202 is an aperture 212 definedtherein which extends through the wall of the sleeve 202 and whichpermits passage of insufflation gases through cannula sleeve 202 duringthe surgical procedure. Sleeve 202 may be clear or opaque and may beformed of stainless steel or other rigid materials such as a polymericmaterial or the like.

Cannula housing 204 includes port opening 214 having luer-type fitting216 defined therein positioned within the port opening 214. Luer fitting216 is adapted for connection to a supply of insufflation gases as isconventional in the art and incorporates valve 218 to selectively openand close the passage of the luer fitting 216. Cannula housing 204further includes duckbill or zero closure valve 220 which tapersdistally and inwardly to a sealed configuration. Closure valve 220defines slit 222 which opens to permit passage of the surgicalinstrumentation and closes in the absence of the instrumentation.Closure valve 220 is typically adapted to close upon exposure to theforces exerted by the insufflation gases in the internal cavity. Otherzero closure valves are also contemplated including single or multipleslit valve arrangements, trumpet valves, flapper valves, etc. Cannulahousing 204 includes at least one locking recess 226 (and typically tworecesses arranged in diametrically opposed relation). Locking recesses226 serve to releasably secure seal assembly 100 to cannula assembly200.

With continued reference to FIG. 1, seal assembly 100 is typicallyadapted for releasable connection to the cannula assembly 200.Alternatively, seal assembly 100 may be incorporated as part of cannulaassembly 200. Seal assembly 100 includes a seal housing, generallyidentified as reference numeral 102, and gimbal mount 104 which isdisposed within the seal housing 102. For the purposes herein, aso-called “gimbal” or “gimbal mount” is a mechanical device that allowsthe rotation of an object in multiple dimensions or along multiple axes.

Seal housing 102 houses the sealing components of the assembly anddefines the outer valve or seal body of the seal assembly 100. Sealhousing 102 defines central seal housing axis “b” which is typicallyparallel to the axis “a” of cannula sleeve 202 and, more specifically,coincident with the axis “a” of the cannula sleeve 202. Seal housing 102incorporates three housing components, namely, first, second and thirdhousing components 106, 108, 110, respectively, which, when assembledtogether, form the seal housing 102. Assembly of housing components 106,108, 110 may be affected by any of the aforementioned connection meansdiscussed with respect to cannula housing 204.

First housing component 106 defines inner guide wall 112 and outer wall114 disposed radially outwardly of the inner guide wall 112. Inner guidewall 112 defines central passage 116 which is dimensioned to receive asurgical instrument and laterally confine the instrument within sealhousing 102. Inner guide wall 112 is generally cylindrical inconfiguration and terminates in a distal arcuate or rounded surface 120.

Second housing component 108 inner cylindrical wall 124 and outer wall126 have a transverse wall (not shown) disposed therebetween. Innercylindrical wall 124 is dimensioned to mate with outer wall 114 of firsthousing component 106, i.e., in a manner to be positioned within theinterior of the outer wall 114 in frictional relation therewith. In thealternative, outer wall 114 of first housing component 106 may beadhered to inner cylindrical wall 124 of second housing component 108.Outer wall 126 defines a scalloped outer surface 126 a that isdimensioned for gripping engagement by the user. Extending contiguouslyfrom inner cylindrical wall 124 in the distal direction is an arcuate orcup-shaped gimbal wall support 124 s which supports gimbal mount 104.

Seal assembly 100 further includes interface seal 130 mounted adjacentgimbal mount 104. Interface seal 130 functions in minimizing the loss ofinsufflation gases through seal assembly 100. Interface seal 130includes interface seal mount 132 and flexible interface seal member 134secured to the seal mount 132. Seal mount 132 is typically annular inconfiguration and is fabricated from a relatively rigid material such asa polymeric material or stainless steel. Interface seal member 134 maybe fabricated from an elastomeric material having qualities to engageseal mount 104 in substantial sealed relation therewith. Interface sealmember 134 defines central aperture 136 which receives the forward ordistal surface of gimbal mount 104. Interface seal member 134 extendsradially inwardly and longitudinally relative to seal housing axis “b”when assembled within seal housing 102. This configuration increases theamount of surface area of interface seal member 134 engaging the outersurface of gimbal mount 104 thereby facilitating the formation andmaintenance of a seal about the gimbal mount during manipulation of theinstrument. Interface seal 130 may further include a gasket seal (notshown) mounted adjacent the proximal side of interface seal mount 132which serves to form a seal with the intermediate wall to substantiallyminimize passage of fluids through seal housing 102.

FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a multiple gimbal seal assembly 300according to the present disclosure which includes a gimbal or sealhousing 305 having an outer periphery 325 configured to selectively andreleasably engage a corresponding inner peripheral surface 412 of anaccess member or cannula assembly 400 as described in more detail belowwith respect to the description of FIG. 5. Access or seal housing 305also includes an inner periphery 327 configured to rotatingly engage adiaphragm 330 which, in turn, supports a plurality of gimbal seals 310a, 310 b and 310 c thereon. Diaphragm 330 is engaged for selectiverotation within the inner periphery 327 of seal housing 305 and includesan outer profile 334 which is configured to mechanically engage an innerprofile 360 of inner surface 327 of housing 305 such that diaphragm 330is rotatable relative to housing 305 in the direction “R” (See FIG. 6).It is envisioned that any number of known support surfaces, bearings,friction-fit arrangements and gear assemblies known in the art may beutilized to accomplish this purpose. For the purposes herein, innerprofile 360 and outer profile 334 may include inter-engaging surfaces,e.g., support 330 a on diaphragm 330 and notch 361 on inner profile 360may be configured to facilitate rotation or engagement between the twocomponents 330 and 305. Either or both of these surfaces 330 a and/or360 may be coated with a low friction material 375 to further facilitaterelative rotational movement of the diaphragm 330 with respect to theseal housing 305. Examples of low friction materials include syntheticresinous fluorine containing polymers, tapes, silicone, filaments,solutions, emulsions and polytetrafluoroethylene coatings such as oneparticular synthetic polymer commonly sold under the trademark TEFLON®.As can be appreciated, the user may manipulate, orient and interchangeinstruments within the operating cavity by rotating the diaphragm 330relative to the seal housing 305.

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional detail showing the inner working details ofthe gimbal seal assembly 300 and, more particularly, the internalaspects of gimbal seal 310 a and the rotating engagement of the innerprofile 360 of housing 305 and outer profile 334 of diaphragm 330. Forthe purposes herein, gimbal seal 310 a is shown in cross section by wayof example although it should be appreciated that the other gimbal seals310 b and 310 c contain similar internal operating components and havesimilar operating features.

Gimbal seal 310 a includes a generally ball-shaped outer periphery 314and is configured to seatingly engage a corresponding pocket 332 adefined within diaphragm 330 such that the gimbal seal 310 a issupported in a ball and socket manner within the seal housing 305 infriction-fit, fluid tight engagement. Gimbal seal 310 a includesproximal and distal ends 311 a and 311 b which define correspondingproximal and distal openings 312 a and 312 b, respectively, withingimbal seal 310 a. Proximal and distal openings 312 a and 312 b areconfigured for passage of surgical instrumentation (not shown)therethrough and may include various internal features such as aninternal taper or instrument guide 313 or low friction coatings (notshown) to facilitate passage of the surgical instrumentationtherethrough.

Gimbal seal 310 a also includes a zero closure valve 315 disposedtherein which permits passage of surgical instrumentation (not shown)therethrough and closes in the absence thereof and is configured toparticularly remain closed upon exposure to the internal pressuresassociated with insufflation. Other types of zero closure valves arealso contemplated including duck bill valves, single or multiple slitvalves, trumpets valves, flapper valves, etc. As surgicalinstrumentation is passed through opening 312 a and into gimbal seal 310a, the zero closure valve 315 opens distally permitting passage of theinstrument therethrough while maintaining a fluid tight seal against theinstrument at all times when the instrument is manipulated within theoperating cavity.

As mentioned above, diaphragm 330 supports gimbal seal 310 a infriction-fit, fluid tight engagement by virtue of the mechanical, balland socket engagement of the outer periphery 314 of the gimbal seal 310a and the pocket cavity defined within diaphragm 330. This type ofarrangement enables the user to manipulate the surgical instrument intoand out of the operating cavity relative to the z-axis, and rotate theinstrument relative to the x and y axes to position the instrument asdesired. In other words, the ball-and-socket arrangement of the seal 310a in the pocket 332 a allows the instrument and seal 310 a to pivot androtate together relative to the diaphragm 330 pocket 332 a along the xand y axes (e.g., in the directions about the axes as shown in FIG. 3and in the directions “IR1-IR3” as shown in FIG. 7).

As can be appreciated and as illustrated in the present embodiment,three gimbal seals 310 a, 310 b and 310 c are shown disposed within thediaphragm 330 of seal housing 305. This enables a surgeon to utilizethree instruments within the operating cavity at the same time withouthaving to remove any one instrument from the operating cavity forsubstitution purposes. In other words, the surgeon can simultaneouslyutilize the three instruments (if desired) within the operating cavityor rotate each instrument (of the three) into and out of engagement witha particular area within the operating cavity by rotating the diaphragm330 relative to the seal housing 305 (as explained above) withoutcompromising the integrity of the pneumoperitoneum.

Alternatively, it is envisioned that the gimbal seal 310 a and theinstrument may also be rotated about or moved along the z-axis withoutcompromising the integrity of the pneumoperitoneum (See FIGS. 7 and 8).In other words, the surgeon would not only have the ability to rotatedifferent instruments into and out of a particular operating area withinthe operating cavity by rotating the diaphragm 330 relative to the sealhousing 305 (See FIG. 6), but the surgeon may also have the ability torotate the instrument (or any of the instruments either simultaneouslyor independently) within the pocket 332 a (or other pockets 332 b and332 c (See FIG. 2)) of the diaphragm 330 about the z-axis.

FIG. 4 shows one envisioned embodiment of a cannula assembly 400 for usewith the seal assembly 300 as described above. More particularly,cannula assembly 400 includes proximal and distal support rings 420 aand 420 b separated by a flexible sleeve 415 disposed therebetween.Rings 420 a and 420 b also include a common internal chamber 421 definedtherebetween which is selectively inflatable by a nozzle 430 attached toring 420 a. As explained in more detailed below with respect to theoperation of the seal and cannula assemblies 300 and 400, respectively,sleeve 415 provides a passageway for chamber 421 between rings 420 a and420 b such that introduction of an inflatable medium into a port 431defined in nozzle 430 inflates both rings simultaneously (or,alternatively, sequentially depending upon a particular purpose). Onceexpanded or inflated, rings 420 a, 420 b and sleeve 415 define anelongated tubular structure having a central lumen 435 definedtherethrough for selective passage of instrumentation into and out ofthe operating cavity.

As shown in FIG. 5, cannula assembly 400 also includes a seal assemblyinterface 410 operatively coupled to the proximal ring 420 a anddisposed in fluid-tight communication therewith. More particularly, sealassembly interface 410 includes an inner cavity 425 defined therein thatis configured to selectively and removably receive seal assembly 300therein. Seal assembly interface 410 includes a proximal-most edge oruser-facing lip 410 a which is resilient or substantially flexible toallow selective insertion and removal of seal assembly 300 influid-tight engagement therewith. One or more guides, tabs or othermechanical features (not shown) may be utilized to secure the sealassembly 300 within inner cavity 425.

As mentioned above, each gimbal seal, e.g., gimbal seal 310 a, includesa distal opening, e.g., opening 312 b, which facilitates introduction ofthe surgical instrumentation into the operating cavity after passage ofthe instrument through the zero closure valve 315. All of the distalopenings of the gimbal seals (only distal opening 312 b is shown in FIG.3) are disposed in vertical registration with central lumen 435 ofcannula 400 thereby enabling simultaneous introduction of multipleinstruments into the operating cavity. Moreover, by vertically aligningcentral lumen 435 with the various distal openings of the gimbals seals310 a-310 c, the surgeon can freely rotate the instruments within thelumen 435 without issue.

FIG. 9 shows yet another envisioned embodiment of a cannula assembly 600for use with the presently disclosed seal assembly 300. Moreparticularly, cannula assembly 600 is similar to the cannula assembly400 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 with the exception that the flexible sleeve615 includes a series of concentrically-disposed inflatable rings 622a-622 d of varying diameter which are configured to engage and secureagainst the inner abdominal wall when the cannula 600 is inflated vianozzle 630. Ring 620 a is configured to have a first diameter andinclude a seal assembly interface 610 which is substantially flexible toallow selective insertion and removal of seal assembly 300 therein influid-tight engagement therewith. As shown in FIG. 9, ring 620 b isconfigured to have a second diameter greater than the diameter of ring620 a to facilitate anchoring and stabilizing the cannula assembly 600within the operating cavity. The diameters of theconcentrically-disposed rings 622 a-622 d generally taper in a distaldirection (i.e., into the operating cavity) from about the diameter ofring 620 a to about the diameter of ring 620 b which also facilitatesand enhances anchoring the cannula assembly 600 against the innerabdominal wall.

Nozzle port 631 communicates an inflatable medium into rings 620 a and620 b and concentric rings 622 a-622 d and may include one or moreregulators or valves (not shown) to monitor the pressure associatedtherewith. A second closure valve (not shown) may be included with thecannula 600 to facilitate engagement, removal and/or swap-out of theseal assembly 300 without affecting the pneumoperitoneum.

In use, a surgeon creates an incision in an abdominal wall using a knownhand access surgical technique or cuts through the skin and facia andintroduces the cannula assembly 400 into the incision to create apassageway therethrough. More particularly, ring 420 b and the distalend of sleeve 415 are introduced into the incision and ring 420 aremains outside the incision. The seal housing 300 is selectivelyengaged within the inner cavity 425 of the seal interface 410. Rings 420a and 420 b are then inflated with an inflatable medium via nozzle 430which expands the inner chamber 421 against the inner walls of theabdominal cavity to create a fluid tight seal. The operating cavity isthen insufflated to create a pneumoperitoneum through one or moreinsufflation valves disposed on the cannula assembly 400 (not shown inFIGS. 2-8, See FIG. 1).

An instrument (not shown) is inserted into any one of the gimbal seals310 a-310 c of the seal assembly 300, for example, gimbal seal 310 a,forced through zero closure valve 315 and into central lumen 435 ofcannula assembly 400 (or 600) and into the operating cavity. The zeroclosure valve 315 flexes distally to accommodate the instrumentdiameter, as necessary. Once the instrument is properly inserted withinthe gimbal seal 310 a, the instrument may be manipulated within sealassembly 300 and cannula assembly 400 by rotating or manipulating theinstrument within the pocket 332 a of diaphragm 330 along the x, y or zaxes (See FIGS. 3 and 7) or rotating the diaphragm 330 relative the sealhousing 305 (See FIGS. 2, 6 and 8). Additional instruments can be addedinto the operating cavity in a similar manner through use of one or moreof the other gimbal seals 310 b and 310 c. The arrangement of the gimbalseal 310 a-310 c and zero closure valves 315 allow the instruments tofreely swivel, move and rotate in multiple directions and orientationswhile at all times maintaining the integrity of the fluid-tightengagement with the instruments.

While the invention has been particularly shown, and described withreference to the particular embodiments, it will be understood by thoseskilled in the art that various modifications and changes in form anddetail may be made therein without departing from the scope and spiritof the present disclosure. Accordingly, modifications such as thosesuggested above, but not limited thereto, are to be considered withinthe scope of the invention.

1. A surgical access apparatus, which comprises: an access member defining a longitudinal axis and having a longitudinal passageway for reception and passage of a surgical object; and an access housing mountable to the access member, the access housing including a diaphragm mounted thereto, the diaphragm adapted for rotational movement about the longitudinal axis relative to the access housing, the diaphragm defining at least one internal pocket and having a seal assembly disposed within the internal pocket, the seal assembly having an interface seal member adapted for establishing a fluid tight seal about the surgical object, the seal assembly adapted for selective movement within the pocket about multiple axes in response to manipulation of the surgical object.
 2. The surgical access apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the diaphragm includes a plurality of pockets, each pocket having a seal assembly and associated interface seal member disposed therein.
 3. The surgical access apparatus according to claim 2 wherein each seal assembly includes a zero closure valve adapted to open to permit passage of the surgical object and close in the absence of the surgical object.
 4. The surgical access apparatus according to claim 2 wherein each seal assembly includes a gimbal mount, each gimbal mount adapted to cooperate with internal surfaces defining a respective pocket to permit articulation of the seal assembly.
 5. The surgical access apparatus according to claim 4 further comprising a low friction material associated with each pocket to facilitate rotation of a respective seal assembly.
 6. The surgical access apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a low friction material associated with the access housing to facilitate rotation of the diaphragm.
 7. The surgical access apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the access housing is adapted for releasable coupling to the access member.
 8. The surgical access apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the access member includes sleeve dimensioned for positioning within a tract defined within tissue.
 9. The surgical access apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the sleeve is substantially flexible.
 10. The surgical access apparatus according to claim 9 including proximal and distal rings associated with the sleeve for respectively engaging tissue on opposed sides of the tissue tract, at least the distal ring being deformable to permit passage through the tissue tract.
 11. The surgical access apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the distal ring is selectively inflatable to expand from a non-inflated configuration to facilitate insertion of the distal ring into the operating cavity to an expanded configuration to secure the distal ring relative to the tissue.
 12. The surgical access apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the proximal ring is selectively inflatable to expand from a non-inflated configuration to an expanded configuration to facilitate securement of the proximal ring relative to the tissue.
 13. The surgical access assembly according to claim 11 wherein the flexible sleeve is selectively inflatable and acts as a conduit for conveying expansion gases between the proximal and distal rings.
 14. The surgical access assembly according to claim 10 wherein the proximal ring includes at least one interface which is configured to mechanically engage and releasably secure the access housing to the access member. 